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Alice Cunningham Fletcher was an ethnologist who because a special agent for the US Indian Bureau and eventually a research fellow at the Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts. She had studied archaeology at the Peabody, starting rather late in her life - in the late 1870's. In 1881 she arranged to live with and study the Omaha Indians of Nebraska. In 1889 she moved to the Nez Percé Reservation in Lapwai, Idaho. She brought the scientific rigor of archaeology to the study of ethnology. She served as vice-president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1896), president of the Anthropological Society of Washington (1903), president of the American Folk-Lore Society (1905) and founding member of the American Anthropological Association (1902). She was the first ethnologist ever to produce a complete description of a Plains Indian ceremony. The PBS web site has a very nice article about her that includes a photo.